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v. The News amid Observer WEATHER: ' . wAtcii uizt. a tars Mere HtlntMi aad CeaeraUy fair Wedaesday aad Tharaday. . , : ssnng dsgi easy. VOL CX. NO. 51. TWENTY PAGES TODAY. RALEIGH, N. G, WEDNESDAY MORNING, AUGUST 20, 1919. TWENTY PAGES TODAY, V PRICE FIVE CENTS. QUICKLY MOVING TROOPS PURSUING MEXICANS WHO ENGAGE I DEPREDATIONS Border Guard Have Been Or . ganized and Stationed at Strategic Points GENERAL D1CKMAN GIVEN FULL AUTHORITY TO ACT Only Tear that American Avia tore Would be Killed Pre. 1 vented an Earlier Movement of United Statei Soldiers in Bandit Country; Every Ef fort It Being Made to Caf , tare Desperadoea and Bring Them Back; Mexico Asked to Co-operate in Restoring Order at the Earliest Mom J ent i Marfa, Texas, Aug. 10. Spread out fal-thsped over a wide stretch of Mexi eta country, south of the Bio Grande, ' United BUte cavalry troops, aided by airmen ai scouts, tonight are combing the mountain! for the bandits who held the two American aviator for $13,000 ransom. ' After the forward daih over the bor der today, the troope probably wire be ing handicapped tonight by r. ttorm which waa reported ia mesages by field telephone to be raging in the mountains below the border. It ' was feared the torrential rain would obliterate trails left by the ban dit. .The expeditionary force for a time moved forward In the fare of high winds, according to the reports. The two lieutcuaats, H. O. Peterson and. Paul N. Davis, for whom ransom .was demanded and who were released eirly today, guided the Americans ia t! lr quest of the Mexican outlaws. Bandit Hr Scattered. vW it's nearly tit hours start 01 the tinitlr expedition, the bandit are be lieved to have scattered ia the moun tain passe and eaayoaa, and it probably wlQ bo necessary to search every1 square mile of the rough country below the border to tad them, in the opinion of military men. Despite the difficulty ia locating .ha bandits from the air, American aviator who left the flying field hire early today scouted almost the entire Ojinaga dis trict. It was not known tonight how many are ia tha bandit band. Lieut. Davis and Lieut. Peterson said they saw sis men. There were twenty other bandits it the ranch where the outlaws stopped. American aviators were told the band numbered sixty. Arrangements for nurses, ambulance and surgical dressings for the punitive expedition troops were being made to night by Elmer Donnell. of St. Louis, for use in ease of emergency. A report from the expedition indicated that pur suit had continued throughout the day but that there bad beea ao contact with the bandits. Army Will Pay Kaasosn. H. M. Fennel!, a banker of thle eity, irrived Into today sad announced that the amount of ransom actually paid for release of the avhtors was $8,100. Fen tell took the $l."i,HX) demanded to Can lolaria yesterday, lie declared a re- tount of the money brought back by Captain Mattaek after release of the aviator showed M,ri00 retained. Fennell brought tb 01,30Q bark to llarfa this afternoon and deposited It ia a bank. The money waa ia 30 bills. Fennell said the army would reimburse the eattlemea who subscribed the ran som money. Fennell tonight told the first eon aeeted story of event preceding tha crossing of the Ame'ricnn aviators to th United States today. Re outlined preliminary negotiations Monday be tween Captain Matlock aad the Mexican brother-in-law of Eentcria, who acted at a go-between. Ht aaid the bandits insisted that tb delivery of the aviators be made after dark so (lares might bo area. Tha go between crossed to Han Aatoalo, Chi huahua, opposite Caadelaria, nnd se lected the spot where tha aviator were to bo delivered. It was at an old cotton wood tree, a mile aad a half south of - 6aa Antonio. The go-between then re turned to the American aide and said arrangements had beea completed. Mallack Gee After Them. . When th flares agreed upon failed to show after midnight, Caplni Mat lnck crossed. He was ton more th half an hour, returning with Lieutenant Peterson. At h rodo into Caadelaria CapUia Matlack said: ' "Here' on of them, thank God." Returning to the old cotton wod. Captaia Matlack told Lieutenaat Davis to tet oa behind. Tbea me ertain spurred bit horse without delivering the balance of the money. "You eaa go plumb to hell, Fm going back," the captaia snooted as he ga loped across th river, Whea Captain Ifatlack dismounted Feanell said he shook tho money in their facta. . "Look at that; I'm going back to . morrow aad get the rest of that money," th rantaia told him. fennell atid. "Tha aviator were elated over their experience one aeross tb river," aaid Fennell. W asked them if they had a good time, Davis said, '111 say I did,' "Neither man waa hurt by tb rati of tha blatant, Th aviator believed th accident wa ranted by th fact that their Oil tupply had beea exhausted. Tha sua tnly bad a quart santeea full of water, but drank from the Concho river. "They aaid th bandit Benteri forced them to writ measagea asking for tha ransom and. read the messages to tea if they were correct. CenUnae Pushing Forward. Saddle-weary aad rain soaked the troops of tho eighth cavalry tontinued pushing forward tonight, despite th storms that swept tho mountainous region couth of the Bio Grande Big Bend District. Torrential rains fell ia th Ojinaga district and low visibil ity prevented good nir pltne scouts service. It wat believed the comparatively small number of bandits under Jesus Benteria were hidden ia the mountains nnd that every pass would hare to bo scutched. The district within the angle form ed by n junction of tho Bio Grande and Conchos rivers is the wildest eee tioa of northern Mexico, noted for rugged mountains, deep canyons and barren deserts. The Conchos river flows into the Rio Grande near Ojinaga nfter tumbling through San Juan pass from Cnrhilo Parndo to San Juau Del Bio. Both rivers are lined with cotton wood trees. Lowland farms in Delta Conchos are the only green spots to be teen in the entire district where palo vetde, metquite and cactut grow. Bar ren hills, rocky eanyona and mountains are superimposed on mesa beyond the border over which winding trails are traced ia white. Advaaee Is Difficult. Along these trails tho' cavalrymen were nuking their way tonight. The columns often were forced to break into detachments aad wind slowly up the sides of mountains, down box eanyona, always alert for a bandit ambush. Soldiers and officers wore wet uniforms, raked with dust. Their horsea were tired from the long forward march. The troopers are oa field rations from mule pack trains at no field kitchens were taken. The communication line is being maintained to the border, along which supply trains tad, courier pass from the base oa the America side to th columns in the field. , A field;, wireless pack and alrplaaet are maintaining commonicatlon with headquarters here. Tha storm interfered w fa field teh'ihoao communication tkroughoat tb district. . ' The Una to Presidio wat ut of order toaight and aothing wat known of movement of Carraasa troops from Ojinaga opposite that point Order were issued at headquarters here to all commanders in the expedition to use every ear to protect peaceable Mexi cans. It was said here tonight that it vir tually wa impossible to carry out Major General Dickmtn '1 order instructing of ficers to pay the bandits tha full ram tom, nnlesa tht bandit are overtaken and captured by American troops. NO OFFICIAL ANNOUNCEMENT MADE AS TO FUTURE COURSE. Washington Aug. 10. No official an nouncements are being made of how the United States govern meut intends to handle the bandit nuisance it Northern Mexico, from this point on, but there ie every evidence that all preparations have been wade to meet future depreda tions with a swift uiovment of troops such as now it being conducted against the desperadoes who held the two army aviators for ransom. Swift moving cavalry, fully equipped with machine guns and guided by sir planes, it is understood will be relied upon, and will be prepared to movt quickly from strategic points along the border of the bandit country on the Rio Grande. Border Gasrd Organised. Organixation of the border guard to insure the greatest speed ia these movemeats has been completed, the cavalry regiments being so distributed at to plac the nucleus of a flying col amn nt carefully selected pointt along the Rio Grande. I Movement of troopt of the Eighth cavalry into Mexico today Inaugurated the new plan, according to officials and from thit time incident! "will be han dled without gloves." In announcing that Major Geaeral Joseph T. Dickmaa commanding the Southern department, had aeted oa in struction! from tho War Department, Secretary Baker intimated that only the danger ia which th two offieert wtr placed, prevented a a attempt to rescue them by forte. "Whea the report! cams of the cap ture of these two officer and their being held for ransom," Secretary Baker said, "the hour of execution wtt fixed on t'ne next day in default of the ransom being paid. There was, of course, so oppor tunity t make a military rescue within luck time aad 1 therefore directed that the ransom moneys bo paid and that a fore I arranged' ta take tip tb hot trail of th bandits aad pursue them with tha hope of being abl to capture is mane tt possible." Swiftly Having Force Details of how tha dash wat to 1 conducted were left entirely to General Dickrwan, tht only requirement being that it should be ntads with a "swiftly moving fore.'' Cavalry, with tnachiaa guaa and guided by airplanea, would be used. If captives were taken, 111 will b brought t th United States. ' " Tb close proximity of tb bandit readeavou! to tht border led to th hop that th American troopt might over take them before tbey would have tint to scatter. ' ' ' Report to tho Etatt Department to day from the American consul at El Pas aaid that lata last week General Dlequex, Mexieaa commandant at Cul- Ceatlaac4 Psr Two.) UfiCOMVER ED AND IGHT1N Johnson and Borah Find Moral Obligation Repulsive to Their Sensibilities WILSON'S STATEMENT -FAILS TO SHOW THEM Republicans' Find Their Posi tion "Is Justified and Con-; firmed" by Conference at White House ; Secret Treat- i ies Bother Them Still and So Does Shantung Waahington, Aug. 19. Senators John ton, of California, and Borah, of Idaho, Republicans, declared in a statement tonight that upon the facts developed at thjj White House conference todsy as stated by them the position they had maintained "in respect to this epvenant of the League of Nation! it justified and confirmed." "The League of Nations as construed by the 'President," they said,' leavea it clear and unmistakable that when we en ter it we are under a 'compelling' moral obligation, to say nothing of the legal obligation which other supporters eon tend we arc under, to take part in the disturbances, the conflict!, settlements and the wars of Europe and Asia, if any should arise, and it is equally true that under his construction, Europe would necessarily be under the same impelling force to take part in tho set tlement of American affairs." The Senators said that in their opin ion, "the significant facts developed by the interview with the President," were: Treaties Yet To Be Made. "There yet remain treaties of peace to be made with Austria, Hungary, Bul garia and the Ottoman Empire. These treaties deal with subjects as important, territory as extensive, and matters as intimately affecting the United States ss the treaty with Germany. The ob ligations of the United States, there fore, what our country assumes in the future, cannot be drtcrmiaed until thctu treaties are completed and presented to the United States Scnste. "That tho President regards the obli gations which will bo assumed under the League of Natious, and particularly un der articles ten and twenty at moral obligations; These, however, re of 'compelling fort and would require ac tio a upon our -vwrt. "For Instance,- the- President eeneedc that Jh uadoabt J eases of aggression from the Balkans upon tht newly acquired territory of Italy, it would bo our duty to com to the assistance of Italy and prevent luck aggretsiou. The President's construc tion of article ten it at variance with the construction of tho Democratic at torney of tht Senate. " Amoral obligation, tht Preiident in sists, rettt upon ut to. carry out the term of th varioua treatict of peace. Thit moral obligation, the President states, requires ua under the German treaty for fifteen years to maintain American troopa in Europe. "The President did not know, nor luid bo' heard of tho secret treaties for tirritorial acquisition and partitioning various territories until he reached (Coatlnnod on Page Two.) E Congress Takes First Legisla tive Action Toward Re duction of H. C. L Washington, Aug. 19. With adoption of the Igoe resolution directing the Fed eral Trade commission to Investigate In creased tho prices, the House today took first legislative tction. toward re duction of tho high cost of living. Before adoption of tha resolution which wai without a dissenting vote, the House voted down an amendment which would hnva extended the Inquiry to other trticlct of clothing and food. The Houtt agriculture committee con sidering legislation to extend the food control act to other aeeessitlet of lift, to extend the powers of th net beyond th war time period, to give th Presi dent authority to fix fair priest for necessities and to provide penaltlet for hoarding today continued its bearing with F. W. Waddcll, of Armour and Company, and iJr. Mary Pennington, of ths Department of Agriculture, at wit nesses. Tomorrow Attorney General Palmer will appear before the commu te: with tuggettiont for alight changet in the amendments drafted by Chair man Haugen. . Tht Senate Agriculture Committee, after tome members had held that the legislation at proposed by tho Attorney General did not clearly define what con stitutes profiteering and hoarding, post poned final action today. A tub-committee wit appointed by Chairman Gronna to eonfer with tho Attorney General on tho subject. Reports to tho Postqjfk Department today indicated that tht War Depart ments food aurplut which wat offered to consumers yesterday through the parcel post wat meeting with a ready sale. Assistant Postmaster General Doekery today Instructed pottmattert that to war atamp tax waa applicable to parcel pott shipmeats of army food stuffs. Tho War Department an nounced that due to th roeeat railroad strikrl brief delays might be exper ienced la tha filling of torn parcel pott orders through Inability to distribute th supplies to tht various depots. Ft FIGHTING MOOD TO NV ml PIES OF SHOES MAJOR GENERAL DICKMAN PERSONALLY DIRECTS THE CAMPAIGN INTO MEXICO Baa Aatoalo, TS., Aag. II. MaJ. Ccn. Jeeeph T. Dickmaa, commander qf th Soother Department, will personally direct pursuit of the Mexieaa baadit who captured Llea teaaata Davit aad Peterson, aad oa whose trail troop of the Eighth cavalry created tha border early today. AIRPLANE BACK FROM CHASE. Maria, Tex Ang.il.-AB Assert can airplane retaraed toaight from a tenting trip Into Mexico with two ballet holes tareaga a wiag of the machine. . Tho aviator observer aaid he waa flred oa by three Mtxcaas. He retaraed the Ire with a asachiat gun, nnd believed ho killed on. The cavalry Is panning tho bandits, he aaid. STATE BANKERS TO Secretary of Treasury Carter Glass and General Faison on Program Winston-Salem, Aug. 19. Prepara tions for the annual convention of the North Carolina Bankers Association, which is to open hero tomorrow eve ning, are being put in shape and indi cation! point to the most successful meeting ia the history of the organi sation. Secretary William A. Hunt, of Henderson, who is in the city confer ring with President James Gray about details of the liinal agreement, is en thusiastic over the outlook. A notable feature of the convention will be the Iddresses by men of nat ional prominence in manking and along kindred lines. These will include Sec retary of the Treasury Carter Glass, Gen. S. L. Faison, contain nder of the famous 30th division; Vice-President S. H. Voorhees, of the National City Bank, New York; Senator Lee S. Over man and others. Charged with tha larceny of cattle nnd hogs from a large ranch in South Dakota to the value from OS.oou to 0U(), George Howard, a young white man, about 28 years old. is in Forsyth jail awaiting tho arrival of Sheriff Z. V. Trtbb, of . Madison North Dakota, with requisition fapsra from th Gov ernor of hit Stat. H 1 charged with having stolen tht cattle and bogt from ranch ia Howard, ft, D belonging to Fred Smith, and having sold them to a cattle dealer. He then departed from th country aad wat not heard of again until found here by Sheriff Flint, who wat told of the larceny. Fred Smith, son of tho owner of tho ranch from which th rtttlt tnd hogs were ttnli'ii. Tht persons who, about two weekt ago, roubed three haberdashery stores here of approximately 1650 worth of merchandise, were found today when T. D. Cooper, of Charlotte, son of tht woman in whoso house tho boys who ore chsrged with committing the rob bery roamed, returned home nnd noticed that the two roomers had s suspiciously Urge tmount of new clothing in their rooms. The goods were later Identi fied by the owners of the stores from which they were stolen. Troy Hans tnd Bichtrd Kendall, tho two boys charg ed with the robbery, are at present In jail on a charge of larceny of an auto mobile, Capt. and Mrt. 8. Patterson, of the Salvation army, will go to Knlcigh next week where they will toko charge of the army btrrackt there. They will lie succeeded by Commandant nnd Mrs. Baker, who have been stationed in Raleigh. HUGE SHIPMENTS HELD UP AT MIAMI BY AGENTS Tampa, Fla., Aug. 19. Hugs ship ments of foodstuffs en route to Cutis from various sections of the country, Including seven ears of lard, one of pens nnd other vegetables and four of eggs, were stopped at Miami by Fed eral agents, nnd art being held lip pending the decision of tho Attorney General, to whom the matter hat been referred by United State Attorney II. 8. Phillips, who announced the tction here this afternoon. United Statea Attorney Phillips alto stated that M. J. Sligh, a produce deal er in Jacksonville, hat been arretted thero on a charge of profiteering grow ing out of the sale of potatoes at 3.50 per bag whlli other dealen are charging only $6-50 to 7. He wat due to have a preliminary hearing in Jack sonville thit afternoon, but the Attor ney has not been advised of its out come. The prosecution is under crim inal procedure. JUDGE MANNING SECURED ' AS SPEAKER AT BAILEY Bailey, Aug. 19. Judge Jan. H. Man ning, Attorney-General of the State, will deliver an address in Rniley on Sunday afternoon, August .11, previous to the opening of tho Bniley graded and high school on the following duy. Judge Manning will doubtless speak along educational linet and his address It being looked forward to with much interest. It hit" been the custom of tho school tuthoritlet for tht past few yetft to secure tome prominent speaker to address th people of this town just prior to the opening of tho school. STUDENT RELEASED BECAUSE ' OF LACK OP EVIDENCE. Casenovia, N. Y., Aug. McDonald W. Fethrr, of Los Angeles, CaU Un dent at Cornell University, charged with murder in connection with the death of Mist Hatel Crane, of Ithlei, ia Cayuga Lake, July 19, wat ordered released oa tko ground of insufficient evidence br Supremo Court Jnttie Mkhatl H. Kile her tonight. 1 HOLD CONVENTION WOULD HAVE METIS tE. BH HOME M) Washington Rumor Puts An other Man in Race for Lieu tenant Governor WILMINGTON OFFICER - SERVED WITH THIRTIETH Shipping Board Refuses to Name Vessel in Honor of Late Pembroke Jones, of Wilmington, Because of Pol icy Not to Use Names of Persons for Ships The News and Observer Bureau, 60S District National Bank Building. By 8. R. WINTERS. (By Special Leased Win.) Washington, D. C, Aug. 19. Tar Heel visitors to Washington give eredcuce to the report that the uame of Col. J. Van B. Metts, of Wilmington, is being coupled with the candidacy for Lieuten ant Governor of North Carolina. He is known to have substantial support and is- being urged to cuter the race. His attitude towards these solicitations are not known in Washington. Colonel Mettt figured prominently in the Thirtieth Division, which it credited tt having brought about the collapse of tho Iliadeuliurg line. The efforts of friends f Colonel Mettt to make hit potential candidacy a fnct may be a move to satisfy the demaads of the sol dier voters that they should have rep resentation on the State ticket Stands By Policy. Conforming to an adopted policy of the United Statea Shipping Board Cat no vessels bear the name of an indi vidual, living or dead, John Barton Payna today positively declined the re quest of citizens of Wilmington to name one of the steel vessels "The Pembroke." Adhering to the ruling of the chairmen of the Shipping Board, the ship being constructed at the North Carolina sea port towa will be designated as "The City ot Jolict." Writing to the North Carolina Sena tort tnd Representative H. L. Godwin, Mr. Payne says, "Due of the rules laid down before any of our vessels were launched wat that none should ho nnmed after individuals, either living or dead, or after organisations. .1 believe a niomcnt't reflection will show you th frown, v m 4 U iv. ftirr wu wv to select tho name of ladlviduals thev would b no limit to the requests which micnt tie made by the friends of prom inent people and th diseriminstion which the corpora tioa would b obliged to Use would bo most embarrassing Strong KesreseBtatUs. Made. H. C. McQueen, president of the Murrhlson National Bank, of Wilming ton, had particularly made impressive presentation ia favor of changing the name of tho vessel so as to bear testi mony to tho fine eitisenship of on of Wilmington's deceased citizens, the late Pembroke Jones. ' The Chicago district ordnance sal rage hoard of the War Dep; rtment, ac cusing to information supplied Senntor Lee S. Overmen, is offering for sale a number f unused tractors. The ma chines are adaptable to general farm work and will be sold at a considerable (Centiaaed. oa Tage Twe.) State Council Convenes in Gas tonia for Annual Session; Large Crowd Gsstonia, Aug. 19. Gastonia is host this week to the Htate Council Junior Order, United American Meehanira, delegates to whirh have been arriving all day. More than 500 delegates have already registered. Loral hotels have been rrowdrd to overflowing. Citiaena of Gastonia are taking care of the over flow iu private homes. The opening session was a public meeting held in the central graded school auditorium and was featured by an nddress by Lieut. Gov. O. Max Gard ner in response to the address of wel come by the mayor of Gastonia, Hobert 0. Cherry. Mr. Gardner's subject was "Onr Fallen Heroes." In a masterly way he extolled the virtues of the Civil War veterans. Mayor F. R. McXinrh of Charlotte, re sponded to tho address of welcome in a few well chosen words. Following these there was a series of five to ten minute speeches as follows: '"How Wc Keep an Interest in Our Council Min t ing," A. II. Moonryham, of Raleigh ; "How We Reached a Membership of One Thousand," V. W. Knyder, Fairvitw Council, No. 19; ''How I Organize New Councils," A. A. Davis, Hope Mills Council, No. II; ''A Visit to Our Or phan's Home," Judge 1'. S. Oarlton, Snllnbiiry Council, No. 8C; "A ItevUw and Look Forward," Woodns Krllum, State councillor. Benediction l.y lin. John A. Koona, 8tnte ebtiplnin. The growth of this order throughout tha Stnte for the past year has liern marked by a steady nnd substantial increase as is shown from report of 8tn(e Beeretary 8. F. Vance of Win-ston-8alcm: It tho as that tho number of local councils jn the State increased from SCO to 409 during the year, with a gain in membership of 11,730. The financial report fur the tobordi aata council! thowt tha following re ceipts and disbursements for tho year: Bceelpts, 1716,080 AO; cash ia hand of treasurer aad trustees, t22S.981.70; value of rooaeit property, 0)141,504.65. Total worth of council, tU67.58a.S5. The report of tho State council ahowt tho following flaaaelai statistical Bc eelpts W ,201.131 total dishorsemeata, OaOUJj ttsett toUl, f3S.763.53. - JUNIOR ORDER IS HOLDING MEETING LEGAL OF USE President Wilson Tells Senate ForeigV Relations Committee That It Might, However, Involve In Certain Circumstances "An Absolutely' Compelling Moral Obligation"; Sees In It An Opportunity To Put Nation In Attitude o Comradeship ; ROUND-TABLE DISCUSSION BREAKS . , t PRECEDENT OF MORE THAN CENTURY, Through Large Force of Listened While President Went Into Details of How Treaty Was Negotiated; Defends Article Ten, Which' H Considers Backbone of Peace Agreement; Republican Senators Quiz Chief Executive at Length On Meaning of Certain Phrases and Clauses . .' Washington, Aug. 19. President Wilson, interpreting the Leairue of Nations covenant today for the Senate Foreign Rela tions committee, declared it the use of American military or independence of any other But he added that the covenant might involve, in certain circumstances, "an absolutely compelling moral obligation' which might be even stronger than a legal promise. Pressed for a more exact definition by committee members who insisted that the whole arrangement was "a rope of sand," he asserted that on the contrary he considered it as placing the nations in "an attitude of comradeship 'and protection" ' whi'ch would compel respect for the principles of justice and liberty. Meeting the committee in a round-table discussion in the East room of the White House in contradiction to the precedents of more than a century and with the whole nation listening through the medium of a relay of public stenographers, the President went into many of the details of tho negotiations and touched on all the hotly debated questions which have divided the Senate in its consideration of the peace treaty. Article Ten ot the covenant guaranteeing the integrity of league members against aggression, he declared would leave to each nation "complete freedom of choice as to the application VI IVUHt . UIVU li WIS AIUCIKBU I C9UI C9CUIBUVW VII IHO CVUU cil joined in a unanimous recommendation for military action the final decision for peace or war must rest, so far as con-, cerned the United States, with Congress, he said. .,. :v a tarn si tkejamj an.tr. s,tn a avast asm aM tk r snsssjs Whatever advice tho eouneil gave under ita authority to take such action at it "deemed appropriate'' mutt also bo deemed appropriate by the United States to be binding on this govern ment, ho argued, though in the back ground would he such a potential moral force that he doubted if the na tion would often decline to act. The Japanese Agreement. The President revealed that Japan's promise to return Shantung province to Chins waa reduced to written form In the minutes of the peace anfcrcnce. lie asserted he had "every confidence" that the promise would be carried out, and told the Senators it was "the best that could be got" out of the negotiations, Japan having given notice she would withdraw from the conference if her demnnd were refused. The American delegate, he said, had tried to keep the nation free from obligations in Euro pean affairs "so fsr as it was honorably possible to do so," but he assented that it might be necessary to keep some American troops in the Rhine district under tho treaty for the next fifteen years. He declared the nation would tie its owe sole judge whether its obligations had beea fulfilled under the disputed withdrawal rutu::e of the league cove nant that purely domestic questions were aafo from the league's interfer ence, and that the Monroe doctrine wat clearly preserved. The league, the President explained, was built on the plan of General Smuts of South Africa. Mr. Wilson re vealed that he had suggested the United States take no part of the German repsration, but had asked that the con ference reserve disposition of the Ger man Pacific Island of Yap on a sug gestion that it was needed for an American naval station. Early Action Is Urged. Rome of the Senators' questions the President declined to answer, on the ground of international policy. How the Amen, an delegates voted on Japan's proposal for a racial equality clause in, the league covenant ho said he could not disclose "in the interest of inter natinnnl good understanding," and for the same reason he aaid he eoubi not go into negotiation over the French frontier or give the committee a copy of the record of Japan's Shantung promise. Kurly action on the treaty was urged in a statement by the 1'resident nt the outset of the conference. This was nrieitsnry, he held, so that a ponce basis might lie reached and because he de clared the other treaties under nego tiation now at Versailles were being delayed until tho world learned what would happen to tho treaty with Ger many. He said ho saw no reasonable objection to Senate reservations, hut thought it unwise to incorporate them In the ratiflrstion itself. In replying to a long series of ques tions by Senator ' Brandegee, Republi can, of Connecticut, the President wat led into an cxhauaive discussion of the eummingling of moral aad legal obliga tions ia treaties. "A moral obligation." said Mr. Wil ton, "it of course superior to a legal obligatioa, aad if I may say ao, hit a greater binding force, Ia every moral jArAn s rwuiwiat iu k&iukn shaniuixu PROVINCE TO CHINA WA3 IN WRITING ES OBLIGATION FOR wILITARY FORCES Stenographers Whole Nation imposed no legal obligation foi forces in protecting the territory, nation. , v-'r. satatn.e ataa a akassnsa tai t ' obligation there It an element of Judg. inent ; in n loyal obligation there ia a element ot judgment," 1 Obligated Ia Any Event. v ' Ronator Drandrgee suggested there waa no important distinction, "bteauaa we aro obligated in any event." "I think it it of tht greatest Import ance," replied the President, 'because tho element of Judgmeat enters into it." "But I am assuming," returaed Mr. Brandegee, "if the eouneil should ad vise us to do a eertsin thang, and Coa grett refuted to do it, and if tverj other nation't representative assembly csn do the tame thing, it seems to m like a rope of sand and not ta effec tive tribunal which would 'result la promoting peace." "The reason I do not agree with yoa,' Mr. Wilson replied, "it that I do not think such a refusal would likely oftea occur, I believe it would bo only upot tho gravest grounds and in ease Com gress is right, I am iadiffereat to for eign criticism." Senator Harding, Republican, Ohto suggested there wis no necessity for , ''written eomptet for thit republic tt full ill itt moral obligationt to eivlllav tion," to which tht Presideat rejblntd, , "but it tteadies the whole world by Jtt pri.n.ise beforehand thtt it will ttaad with other nttiout of similar judgment to iuii'.j; tain right in tht world. upposea la neswrvsiionsw - - - When Senator Brandegee asked tha President's opinion on the concrete taeo of h present trouble between Rumania) and Hungary, the President said ha could not answer because that would invdve passing judgment oa a foreign political question in a way ht considered inadvisable. Senntor Brandegee also called ' at tention that many authorities oa inter . national law had differed at tht mtaa ing of various provisions of tht treaty . and that Charlet E. Hughet, Wllliaav Howard Taft, and KHhn Root had tag netted reservations, but the Presideat ii:isted that he thought it perfectly rate to leave the present language to the interpretation of future statesmen without fear that the United 8tatea would suffer by their construction. When Senator Fall, Republican, New Mexico, tuggetted that any amend nti'i.ts to the league covenant would lots require Germany's tstcnt as tht wat not a mom her of the league,, tho Presideat ret'lied he never had' thought of that feature. Ilo disagreed with Senatora Brandegee and Knox, Republicans, Pennsylvania, who asserted that' tha . treaty would come Into force among all the signatories as soon as three had ratified it. ; --- . For more than three hours tht com mittee members questioned tht Presi dent, and afterward they stayed for lunch it the White House. Whea tho recess wit tiken there bid beea ao dis cussion whether tht meeting wat ta be tcsumed during the afteraooa but later it wat decided not to do to. There waa no intimation tonight whether tha com mittee would trek a further conference. Tomorrow it will retumo itt open hear ingt at the cspitol. . Senator Fall left with Mr. Wilson ft liat of a.uettiont which tha Utter aaid (Coatlattd oa Pag Tare.). J? i
The News & Observer (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Aug. 20, 1919, edition 1
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